What occurs when an object looks bent or broken due to light passing through it?

Refraction occurs when light changes direction as it passes from one medium to another, such as from air into water or glass. This bending of light can make objects appear distorted or broken when viewed through a transparent material. In the case of a straw placed in a glass of water, for example, the part of the straw submerged in water looks bent at the water's surface due to refraction. This phenomenon is essential to understanding how light behaves and interacts with different substances, making it a fundamental concept in both science and everyday observations. Through refraction, we can observe various optical effects and understand how vision and optical instruments function.